International Conference on Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology in Health Care May 27-28, 2019 | Renaissance Polat Istanbul Hotel, Istanbul, Turkey

The term Nano medicine encompasses a broad range of technologies and materials. Types of Nanomaterials that have been investigated for use as drugs, drug carriers or other Nonmedical agents. There has been steep growth in development of devices that integrate Nanomaterials or other Nanotechnology. The nanotechnology-based medical devices market is categorized into three major segments, namely, therapeutic applications, diagnostics applications, and research applications. Rising incidence of lifestyle and age-related disorders (such as cardiovascular and hearing disorders) has contributed significantly to the growth of the nanotechnology-based active implantable devices market. Nanotechnology, or systems/device manufacture at the molecular level, is a multidisciplinary scientific field undergoing explosive development. The genesis of Nanotechnology can be traced to the promise of revolutionary advances across medicine, communications and genomics. On the surface, miniaturization provides cost effective and more rapidly functioning  biological components. Less obvious though is the fact that Nanometer sized objects also possess remarkable self-ordering and assembly behaviors under the control of forces quite different from macro objects.

Advances in technology have increased our ability to manipulate the world around us . Nanotechnology is rapidly emerging within the realm of medicine. Nanomedicine is the process of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease and traumatic injury, of relieving pain, and of preserving and improving human health, using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of the human body. An exciting and promising area of Nano technological development is the building of Nanorobots. Highly precise positioning techniques are required in   Miniaturing in chip technology, optics , micro mechanic, medicine , gene and biotechnology. The new manipulation technology is the desire to enter the micro and Nano world not only by viewing but also acting, altering micro and Nanosized objects . Nanorobots plays a critical roles for many applications in the human body, such as targeting tumoral lesions for therapeutic purposes, miniaturization of the power source with an effective on board controllable propulsion and steering system have prevented the implementation of such mobile robots.

The therapeutic properties of light have been known for thousands of years, but it was only in the last century that Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) was developed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses the combination of dyes with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species and kill bacteria and destroy unwanted tissue. Nanotechnology plays a great role in solubilizing the photosensitizers, metal Nanoparticles can carry out Plasmon resonance enhancement, and fullerenes can act as photosensitizers, themselves.

Nanotechnology is becoming increasingly important for the several sectors. Promising results and applications are already being developed in the areas of nutrient delivery systems through bioactive Nano encapsulation, biosensors to detect and quantify pathogens organic compounds. Many scientists have involved themselves to know the application and the benefits of nanotechnology in different areas of food industry that include bioactive Nano encapsulation, edible thin film, packages and Nano sensors.

Green chemistry and Nano science are both emerging fields that take advantage of molecular-level designing and have enormous potential for advancing our science. Nano science is the study of materials that are on the length-scale of 100 nanometers or smaller and have properties that are dependent on their physical size. The principles of green chemistry can guide responsible development of Nano science, while the new strategies of Nano science can fuel the development of greener products and processes. Phytochemicals occluded in tea have been extensively used as dietary supplements and as natural pharmaceuticals in the treatment The parallel development of green chemistry and Nano science and the potential synergy of the two fields can lead to more successful and profitable technologies with reduced environmental impacts and improved conservation of resources. In recent years, green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is an interesting issue of the nanoscience.

Nanotechnology is enabling technology that deals with Nano-meter sized objects. It is expected that nanotechnology will be developed at several levels: materials, devices and systems. The combination of biology and nanotechnology has led to a new generation of Nano devices that opens the possibility to characterize the chemical, physical, mechanical, and other molecular properties. And it can be even used to characterize the single molecules or cells at extraordinarily high throughput.  Nanoparticles with distinctive chemical compositions, sizes, shapes, and surface chemistries can be engineered easily and this technique has wide range of applications in biological systems. Utility of nanotechnology to biomedical sciences imply creation of materials and devices designed to interaction in sub-cellular scales with a high degree of specificity. 

Biopolymer nanoparticles are offering numerous advantages which embrace the simplicity of their preparation from well-understood biodegradable, biocompatible polymers and their high stability in biological fluids during storage. Since the emergence of Nanotechnology in the past decades, the development and design of organic and bioorganic nanomaterials has become an important field of research. And several types of polymers have been tested and are used in drug delivery systems; including nanoparticles, dendrimers, capsosomes and micelles. Researchers have found, the synthesized polymers even serves as a good carrier and plays a vital role in carrying a drug. And in other hand they are used in food industries too for food package purposes. There are thousands of organic chemicals are in present in various pharmaceutical to consumer product and are being used in dyes, flavoring agents. It can be explained in organic compounds ranging in diameter from 10 to 1μm.  Ultrafine particles are the same as nanoparticles and between 1 and 100 nanometers in size, fine particles are sized between 100 and 2,500 nanometers, and coarse particles cover a range between 2,500 and 10,000 nanometers.

The biological synthesis of nanoparticles is synthesis method through which we can control, size and shape of nanoparticles and it increasingly regarded as a rapid, ecofriendly, and easily scaled-up technology. Over the past few years researches have shown their interest in metallic nanoparticles and their synthesis has greatly increased. However, drawbacks such as the involvement of toxic chemicals and the high-energy requirements of production. Synthesizing living organisms such as bacteria, fungi and plants is an alternative way to overcome the drawbacks. Plant mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is the green chemistry that connects. Generally, metal nanoparticles are synthesized and stabilized by using physical and chemical: the chemical approach, such as chemical reduction, electrochemical techniques , photochemical reactions in reverse micelles. There is a growing attention to biosynthesis the metal nanoparticles using organisms. Among these organisms, plants seem to be the best candidate and they are suitable for large scale biosynthesis of nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles used as drug delivery vehicles are generally below 100 nm , and  are coated with different biodegradable materials such as natural or synthetic polymers (PEG,PVA,PLGA,etc.), lipids, or metals , it plays significant role on cancer treatment as well as it  holds tremendous potential as an effective drug delivery system.  A targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) is a system, which releases the drug  in a controlled manner. Nanosystems with different compositions and biological properties have been extensively investigated for drug and gene delivery applicationas. To achieve efficient drug delivery it is important to understand the interactions of Nanomaterials with the biological environment, targeting cell-surface receptors, drug release, multiple drug administration, stability of therapeutic agents. Nanotechnology refers to structures roughly in the 1−100 nm size regime in at least one dimension. Despite this size restriction, nanotechnology commonly refers to structures that are up to several hundred nanometers in size and that are developed by top-down or bottom-up engineering of individual components.

Nanosuspention formulation can be used to improve the solubility of the poorly soluble drugs. One of the major problems associated with poorly soluble drugs is very low bioavailability. The Preparation of Nanosuspention is simple and applicable to all drugs which are water insoluble. It consists of the pure poorly water-soluble drug without any matrix material suspended in dispersion . Various techniques are used for the enhancement of the solubility of poorly soluble drugs which include physical and chemical modifications of drug and other methods like particle size reduction, crystal engineering, salt formation, solid dispersion, use of surfactant, complexation A range of parameters like solubility, stability at room temperature, compatibility with solvent, excipient, and photostability play a critical role in the successful formulation of drugs. Use of some drug which is potentially restricted because of its toxic side-effects and its poor solubility, making it unsuitable for intravenous use in patients with drug malabsorption.

Nanomedicine drives the convergence of nanotechnology and medicine it is delineated as the application of nanotechnology in healthcare. The field of tissue engineering has developed in phases: initially researchers searched for “inert” biomaterials to act solely as replacement structures in the body. Tissue engineering is classified as an associate field of biomaterials and engineering. It focuses on the use of cellular and material-based therapies aimed at targeted tissue regeneration caused by traumatic, degenerative, and genetic disorders .It covers a broad range of applications, in practice the term has come to represent applications that repair or replace structural tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, etc.).  Today, these Nano scale technologies are coming to the forefront in medicine because of their biocompatibility, tissue-specificity, and integration and ability to act as therapeutic carriers.

Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most studied organic strategies for Nano medicine. Intense interest lies in the potential of polymeric NPs to revolutionize modern medicine. Polymeric NPs include drug delivery techniques such as conjugation and entrapment of drugs, prodrugs, stimuli-responsive systems, imaging modalities, and theranostics. The use of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for controlled drug delivery has shown significant therapeutic potential. Concurrently, targeted delivery technologies are becoming increasingly important as a scientific area of investigation. Polymeric nanoparticles-based therapeutics show great promise in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, due to the flexibility in which their structures can be modified, with intricate definition over their compositions, structures and properties. Advances in  polymerization chemistries and the application of reactive, efficient and orthogonal chemical modification reactions have enabled the engineering of multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles.

In recent years, microbubble and Nano bubble technologies have drawn great attention due to their wide applications in many fields of science and technology, such as water treatment, biomedical engineering, and nanomaterials. Nano bubbles exhibit unique characteristics; due to their minute size and high internal pressure, they can remain stable in water for prolonged periods of time.

Natural products have been used in medicine for many years. Many top-selling pharmaceuticals are natural compounds or their derivatives. And  plant- or microorganism-derived compounds have shown potential as therapeutic agents against cancer, microbial infection, inflammation, and other disease conditions. The incorporation of nanoparticles into a delivery system for natural products would be a major advance in the efforts to increase their therapeutic effects. Recently, advances have been made showing that nanoparticles can significantly increase the bioavailability of natural products both in vitro and in vivo. 

Nanoscience and nanotechnology are new frontiers of this century and food nanotechnology is an emerging technology. Food technology is regarded as one of the industry sectors where nanotechnology will play an important role in the future. The development of new products and applications involving nanotechnologies holds great promise in different industrial sectors, Nanotechnology may revolutionize the food industry by providing stronger, high-barrier packaging materials, more potent antimicrobial agents. Several possibilities exist to exploit the benefits of nanotechnologies during different phases of the food chain with the aim to enhance animal nutrition and health. Several complex set of engineering and scientific challenges in the food and bioprocessing industries for manufacturing high quality and safe food through efficient and sustainable means can be solved through nanotechnology. Bacteria identification and food quality monitoring using biosensors; intelligent, active, and smart food packaging systems; and Nanoencapsulation of bioactive food compounds are few examples of emerging applications of nanotechnology for the food industry.

Nanoparticles with their unique size-dependent properties are at the forefront of advanced material engineering applications in several fields. Metals, non-metals, bio-ceramics, and many polymeric materials are used to produce nanoparticles of the respective materials. These are functional in producing liposomes, PEG and many more. Due to their small size nanoparticles has found to be interacting with human bodies same like of gases. Nanoparticles of the same composition can display behavioral differences when interacting with different environments.  Nanoparticles can enter the human body via inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. The range of pathologies related to exposure to nanoparticles encompasses  respiratory and even several organs and leads to diseases. Accurate in vitro assessment of nanoparticle cytotoxicity requires a careful selection of the test systems. Due to high adsorption capacity and optical activity, engineered nanoparticles are highly potential in influencing classical cytotoxicity assays.

One of the exciting features of nanotechnology is its utility in the field of Nano medicine, therapeutics, and medical devices . When these small size materials are introduced into biological systems, their extremely small size and their unique Nano scale properties make it possible to use them as delivery vectors and probes for biological diagnostics, bioimaging and therapeutics. In fact, when size decreases, the surface area to volume ratio of materials becomes very large, so that a vast suitable surface is available for chemical interactions with biomolecules. This critically implied that nanotechnology is facing a transition into the tangible advancement of human therapeutics. Recently, There are multiple clinical trials of nanomaterials have done; both for therapeutics and for medical devices.

Nanoscience and nanobiotechnology are at the head of contemporary research. A multidisciplinary scientific education is crucial to provide industry and research institutes with top quality experts who have a generic background in the different subdisciplines such as electronics, physics, chemistry, material science, biotechnology, and at the same time be experts in one particular field. This is what is offered in this master programme. Nanotechnology is the application of nanoscience leading to the use of new nanomaterials and nanosize components in useful products. Nanotechnology will eventually provide us with the ability to design custom-made materials and products with new enhanced properties, new nanoelectronics components, new types of “smart” medicines and sensors, and even interfaces between electronics and biological systems. ortant properties of materials, such as the electrical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties, are determined by the way molecules and atoms assemble on the nanoscale into larger structures. Moreover, in nanometer size structures these properties often different then on macroscale, because quantum mechanical effects become important.

Veterinary science helps human health through the monitoring and control of zoonotic disease (infectious disease transmitted from non-human animals to humans), food safety, and indirectly through human applications from basic medical research. They also help to maintain food supply through livestock health monitoring and treatment, and mental health by keeping pet’s healthy and long living. Veterinary scientists often collaborate with epidemiologists, and other health or natural scientists depending on type of work. Ethically, veterinarians are usually obliged to look after animal welfare. Veterinary research includes research on prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of animals and on the basic biology, welfare, and care of animals. Veterinary research transcends species boundaries and includes the study of spontaneously occurring and experimentally induced models of both human and animal disease and research at human-animal interfaces, such as food safety, wildlife and ecosystem health, zoonotic diseases, and public policy.